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Saucedo elementary special education - Chatham/Avalon Park ...

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Source: http://chathamavalonparkcommunitycouncil.blogspot.com/2012/10/saucedo-elementary-special-education.html

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শনিবার, ২০ অক্টোবর, ২০১২

SmartThings wins Spark of Genius start-up contest at Dublin Web ...

SmartThings wins Spark of Genius start-up contest at Dublin Web Summit (video)

SmartThings wins Spark of Genius start-up contest at Dublin Web Summit (video)

Jeff Hagins, Andrew Brooks, Ben Edwards and Alex Hawkinson from SmartThings receive the Electric Ireland Spark of Genius Award 2012 with Margaret Colton, ESB Electric and Paddy Cosgrave, founder of Dublin Web Summit

Since yesterday, more than 100 international start-ups have been pitching their ideas at the Dublin Web Summit to compete for a prize fund worth more than ?100,000. The winner of the 2012 Spark of Genius award is the US start-up SmartThings.

The Washington D.C.-based SmartThings, which has raised over US$1.2m on the crowdfunding site Kickstarter, garnering 5,694 backers, is aiming to add a sprinkling of intelligence to everyday objects, transforming them into smart objects, by connecting the things in the physical world to the internet via smartphone.?

The platform consists of a hub that connects to the internet and devices that communicate with this hub while also sensing and controlling everyday things. It?s aiming to let you monitor, control and automate physical objects. For example, SmartThings can control things such as air conditioning, lights, fans and heaters from their mobile phone.

Before the winner was announced this afternoon, Paddy Cosgrave, organiser of the Dublin Web Summit, had previous winners on stage, including Redeem & Get, which won the Electric Ireland Spark of Genius Award in 2011, and the Irish relationship management start-up Datahug, which won the competition in 2010.

?This is the first year we?ve had entries to the competition from overseas,? said Cosgrave.

Then Margaret Colton, head of marketing at Electric Ireland, took to the podium to announce the winning start-up.

Firstly, she said that the award recognises the creativity and courage of true entrepreneurial spirit.

Colton said that the panel of judges had picked the winning start-up (SmartThings) because it had ?clearly identified a product that addresses a real business need in a high-growth market".

Accepting the award Alex Hawkinson from SmartThings said that the company would definitely consider Dublin for an international office when it expands in the future. So watch this space!

Check out our video interview with Hawkinson who speaks about the start-up that is aiming to become the remote control for everything in our daily lives.

?Dublin Web Summit | Spark Of Genius Award Winner SmartThings'

Source: http://www.siliconrepublic.com/start-ups/item/29785-smartthings-wins-spark-of-g

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Ellen Scare Montage: Best of the Most Frightened

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2012/10/ellen-scare-montage-best-of-the-most-frightened/

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Beverly Hills Courier Astrology

TODAY?S BIRTHDAY (Oct. 19). The year brings a rebirth of your intellectual life, and you?re drawn to new interests, teachers and art forms. You?ll reap personal benefits from institutions, political and economic trends. A controlling force of the past will be eliminated in December. Loved ones celebrate a May accomplishment. Leo and Gemini people adore you.

LIBRA (Sept. 23-Oct. 23). You?re an expert politician, partly because you realize that politics doesn?t only pertain to large organizations. Politics is alive in every transaction between human beings. You?ll play the game well today.

SCORPIO (Oct. 24-Nov. 21). It takes maturity to understand that much that happens in a day depends on what a person did the night before. Every action sets up the next action. Tonight?s agenda changes as you use this principle as your guide.

SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22-Dec. 21). There?s much to be gained in the process of leaving. When you say goodbye to a situation, you are also saying goodbye to the person you were inside that situation.

CAPRICORN (Dec. 22-Jan. 19). You?ll have an opportunity to publicize your cause, make your request widely known or send a message to more people than you?ve ever been able to reach before.

AQUARIUS (Jan. 20-Feb. 18). Sometimes all it takes is a little push to send you flying. This is true when you?ve already tested your wings and have them fully extended, just waiting for someone to dare you.

PISCES (Feb. 19-Mar. 20). You are not a contrarian. For you to play devil?s advocate, or to adopt any conflicting point of view, you have to have an excellent reason?for instance, it?s really what you believe.

ARIES (Mar. 21-Apr. 19). You find yourself in a constant state of management with an endless to-do list absorbing your time. Reassign some of your tasks to someone else? Delegation equals freedom.

TAURUS (Apr. 20-May 20). Cool down and relax. There is nothing to be gained from rushing around. Besides, you look more confident and in control when you move slowly. The world will wait for you.

GEMINI (May 21-June 21). You?re inexplicably drawn to an odd adventure. This road seems potentially unpleasant and downright difficult. It?s the kind of thing you do just so you never have to do it again.

CANCER (June 2-July 22). You?re an excellent driver, so try to steer the action where you want to go. Same goes for conversation. Otherwise, tune out and get lost in your own thoughts, alienating the speaker.

LEO (July 23-Aug. 22). Status matters. The perceived authority of the people involved in a deal affects how it goes down today. Whether in business or your personal life, do all you can to build your good name.

VIRGO (Aug. 23-Sept. 22). Trying to do a task perfectly robs you of the wonderful floating feeling of engagement in the same way that watching the clock prevents you from enjoying the moments.

Related Stories:

Source: http://bhcourier.com/horoscopes-holiday-mathis-101912/2012/10/19

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রবিবার, ১৪ অক্টোবর, ২০১২

Confessions of a Stay At Home Mum: Product review: Hotpoint ...

We were recently incredibly lucky and frightfully grateful to be chosen to review the Hotpoint RZA36G under counter freezer in Graphite thanks to the wonderful people at Appliances Online.
First impressions upon setting it us was sleek insofar as to say the freezer looks incredibly sleek. The Graphite colour and the slightly convex design give it a very modern look that would easily be right at home in most homes. Alternatively if you want ultra modern they also do it in an ultra chic black.
We already have an old and decrepit fridge freezer that moans more then The Husband does but unfortunately It's simply rather to small to cope with the demands of The Party of Five, fitting in the weekly shop has become a tactical and logistical art in conjunction with a shed load of luck and crossed fingers. If I ever find that sugar daddy, an American style fridge will be top of The list.?

For a couple or a singleton under the counter appliances offer a decent amount of storage yet requiring little space as it makes use of under counter space yet could also be used as a stand alone product if you have the space.?However as many families will agree?in the current economic climate with astronomical increases in food It's becoming a nightmare to feed a family on a budget. Two excellent ways of making the most of your food budget is to batch cook and to time your trips to the super market to coincide with their daily reductions. Yet, the one thing both of these have in common is the need for a lot of freezer space. After all what's the point in buying some bargain fresh meat if you have nowhere to put it? Likewise, batch cooking saves time, effort and money yet is simply not viable if you don't have the freezer capacity. If you don't have the space for a roomy chest freezer, this is where a second freezer that fits easily under your counter comes in to it's own. Enter the Hotpoint RZA36G . With three decent sized drawers plus top skinny drawer its perfect for freezing all your bargains, your batches of home cooked ready meals as well as the family favourates. Or alternatively you could use it to to store your secret ice cream stash and emergency vodka supply, whatever freezes your boat.

?The RZA36G is easy to set us, literally plug in and wait until the high temp light goes off. Simples. It boasts a nifty 'quick freeze' function which is activated by a quick press of a button which is ideal to ensure your supermarket frozen goods remain frozen after the journey from shop to home. The four main drawers feel sturdy and spacious, however they are opaque so you do have to open them to see what you have lurking in there but in all honesty It's only a minor con and If you have an organization OCD you could always get jiggy with a labeling system. Another thing worth mentioning about the drawers is that if you need that little bit more room you can easily remove the drawers and just use the crevices instead. ?Personally I like the slightly convex shape however I can see that this might not be to your taste if you prefer a more flat streamlined look. ?I'll also admit i'm terribly shallow and love the sparkle effect at the top. ? The door can be fixed either side so perfect whether you're a lefty or a righty and the handle is incorporated into the design and unobtrusive. One con that was mentioned on another review of this product is the noise. I won't lie to you, It's not silent. However, neither is my ancient groaning fridge which makes far more noise then this! The noise is minor and importantly normal. According to The instruction booklet It should also decrease within a few months of use. To put it into perspective, if I'm baking or cooking in the kitchen, I don't notice it. At family meal times in the kitchen, I don't notice it. At night when everyone else is in bed, if The Husband sits at at the kitchen table which directly in front of it, he notices it. However, you can't hear it in the adjacent room nor in the room above. It really isn't an issue, especially if its a secondary freezer that you keep in a utility room or garage. It certainly wouldn't put me off purchasing. In a nutshell, It's a great size, looks good, very reasonable RRP, cost effective to run and I'd highly recommend it. If you purchase from Appliances Online this product is currently eligible to qualify you to receive a ?50 Ocado gift voucher to use online (minimum spend ?80 and offer expires on 22/10 )

?Disclaimer: I was not paid for this review and the review is an honest and genuine account of my opinion and experience of this product in my home.

I can't let this post end without saying a few words about Appliances Online. I am a stickler for good old fashioned customer service, especially as I have worked in that arena. Far too many companies lack the very basics of customer service in attitude, actions and demeanor. Not so with Appliances Direct. I can honestly say dealing with them has been am absolute pleasure. From arranging to review to arranging delivery to receiving delivery, all three separate points of contact involving four members of staff were brilliant. The staff are enthusiastic, friendly, respectful, helpful and clear. It was all effortless and seamless. They offer three different delivery slots, you get an automated reminder call on the morning of delivery and the delivery men even phoned to let us know they were five minutes away. If required they will deliver into a room of your choice, unpack and set it up for you and for a small additional cost even take away your old appliance. I really do recommend them and wouldn't hesitate should funds allow to purchase from them in future. If you don't already you can follow them on ?Facebook and take part in their fab competitions.

?Disclaimer: I was not asked to review the company and received no payment for doing so. I believe in credit where credit is due and thought it only fair to share my genuinely positive experience of the company.?

Source: http://tiarasandprozac.blogspot.com/2012/10/product-review-hotpoint-rza36g-freezer.html

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Understanding The Benefits Of Horse Riding Summer Camps For Kids

Horses are amazing animals and no wonder kids love to be around them. If your child loves to play with a pony or has interest to develop the skills required to become a horseback rider, then horseback riding summer camps would be the perfect place to start.

Summer camps are simply the best option for kids to spend vacations and have a fun-filled and delightful time. Although there are plenty of options when it comes to sending your kids for summer camps, but horse riding camps are just the right choice to make your kids learn a lot more than riding.

Packed with entertainment, adventure and lots of fun, kids just love to attend summer camps. And when there are horses around, it would turn out to the best camp for your children. Horse riding camp offers campers an excellent opportunity to treat animals with love, learn more about nature and develop self-confidence, besides the necessary horse riding skills.

A well-run horse riding camp program is designed for kids within the age group of 7 to 14 years. Besides the daily horse riding sessions, various other activities like arts and crafts are included in the program for all round entertainment of children.

Many parents find it a bit difficult to rely on horse riding summer camps keeping in view the safety of their kids. However, with reputable horse camps they can rest assured for their little ones to be in a safe environment. In fact, when the kids come back to home after attending the camps, you would find them more confident and responsible individuals.

Horse back riding camps are generally day or residential camps with duration of a week or more. Residential camps are the best option during summer vacations to keep the boredom away and learn the basic horse riding and social skills.

During their horse riding summer camps children can get to know a lot more about horses, the animals that they admire. Kids get hands on experience to walk, trot, canter, halt and control directions of horses. Apart from learning the movements, they get lessons on grooming, feeding and horse safety as well.

As horse riding camps are organized in cool and calm areas away from the traffic, kids get a great chance to feel happy and come close to the nature. They would surely feel a special relationship with horses and other animals.

The best part of horse riding camps lies in the fact that these help kids to develop positive personality traits that would definitely shape their bright future. During horse riding sessions, children with strong and aggressive personality can learn how to become polite and soften their communications approach. Contrary to this, children with shy and introvert personality get a wonderful chance to gain confidence and step out of their shell.

The amazing life-changing experiences of horse riding camps are surely the best moments for children as they learn horse riding, make new friends and above all, turn out to be great individuals. So, if you are planning to send your kids to horse riding camps in summer vacations, you are making the best choice. Children would surely end up their camps with learning a lot about their favorite animals horses!

The author of this article is associated with Reddemeade Equestrian Center that is renowned for offering excellent horse riding summer camps.

Source: http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Understanding-The-Benefits-Of-Horse-Riding-Summer-Camps-For-Kids/4209757

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শনিবার, ১৩ অক্টোবর, ২০১২

The Deadly Disgrace of Obama?s Pro-Terrorist Lawyers (Michellemalkin)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories Stories, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/255088566?client_source=feed&format=rss

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New Polls (talking-points-memo)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories News, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/254682329?client_source=feed&format=rss

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CHARITY for the Watkins family ? WY|Reece's Rainbow Adoption ...

The Watkins Family began a journey over two years ago to bring home a daughter, Anna and ended up bringing home a son, Vlad also. It has been one of the most amazing experiences for them as they have watched the kids blossom and grow. They have also enjoyed seeing their siblings become more mature and compassionate. They have agreed that they felt God wanted them to keep their hearts open and willing to welcome more children. ?So when they saw Charity they instantly felt like he was calling them to action. Kevin and Andrea have been together since high school, they work in law enforcement and the court system and it breaks their heart to see what can happen to children that do not have a good family support system. They have six children: Lindsay who is 19 and a sophomore at the University of Wyoming, she is study special education with and emphasis in nutrition. Lindsay will be marrying her high school sweetheart this July.Austin,15 who is a sophomore in high school who is studying Math, he is spending his time trying to get his first truck road worthy before his 16th birthday. ?Allie, 9 and in the 4th grade, she loves any animal but especially her Chihuahua, Rico Suave. Noah, 8, who has announced that he no longer wants to be the baby and has been caught surfing the RR website looking for his new little brother or sister. And of course Vlad,10 ?and Anna,9 who came home from the Ukraine on October 2010. The Watkins Family asks that you support their family mission to give each of their children the support they need to become the best that God has called them to be and to bring Charity home to her forever family.

10/10/12?HOMESTUDY in PROGRESS

Source: http://reecesrainbow.org/47220/sponsorwatkins

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সোমবার, ৮ অক্টোবর, ২০১২

The Most Popular Leveraged Commodity ETFs

The Most Popular Leveraged Commodity ETFsCommodity ETFs give investors the chance to play the commodities market like they were never able to before, now even part time investors are able to get a piece of these quickly evolving markets. For some, this access was not diverse enough, and demanded leveraged ETFs as an advanced way of investing, where the fund will work to double or some times even triple the outcome of an index. These funds are not?recommended?for the part time or?risk averse investor, but as one of the largest growing sectors in commodity investing, it seems clear some are ready to take on the leveraged risk [for more commodity ETF news and analysis subscribe to our?free newsletter].

Below, we outline the five most popular leverage commodity ETFs for investors to take a closer look at.

ProShares Ultra Silver (NYSEARCA:AGQ)

With $973 million in assets, this ETF has almost double the funding of the second most popular levered commodity product. This fund works to double the daily performance of?silver bullion, as measured by the U.S. Dollar. Silver is one of the more volatile commodity options?available?, so it is no surprise that after a strong summer there two funds on this list with a?silver focus. Last year alone saw AGQ peak at $180, only to drop to $80 within the month and land at $40 not long after. Clearly a holding in silver will not help any investor sleep at night, but with a current YTD of 40% and over 1.8 million shares traded a day, it looks like there are many people out there willing to toss and turn to get a share of the returns.

Deutsche Bank AG DB Gold Double Long (NYSEARCA:DGP)

This ETF is designed to reflect the performance of chosen?gold futures contracts plus the returns from investing in 3 month T-bills. With just under $600 million in total assets, DGP is the largest gold leveraged commodity ETF out there, and currently one of the?best performers with a YTD of 26%. This ETF has out performed the S&P 500 every year since its inception in 2008, but this could partly be due to the fact that gold is always in high demand when markets are bad. Investors should look to see how DGP does as countries around the world stand on the edge of recovery or collapse [see also?Ten Tell-Tale Signs You?re a Gold Bug].

ProShares Ultra Gold (NYSEARCA:UGL)

Another gold fund on top, UGL measures the daily performance of?gold bullion as measured by the US dollar and tries to double it. This is the second of the three ProShares funds in the top five, the others being Ultra Silver and Ultra DJ-UBS Crude Oil in fourth. This fund has the lowest trading volumes of any on this list, with 213,000 shares traded each day, even with almost $390 million in assets. Like other gold ETFs, the best years for this fund were in 2009 and 2010, when fear of a?government fiasco was highest and stocking up on gold was a popular?concept. With a very respectable current YTD of 23%, investors looking for gold investments with futures contracts should take a second look at this winning ETF.

ProShares Ultra DJ-UBS Crude Oil (NYSEARCA:UCO)

The only leveraged?oil fund to make the cut, UCO currently sits at $368 million in total assets. The other major?differentiating?factor about this fund is that if has a negative YTD of -25%, and has been down overall since inception. Even with this discouraging track record USO is still a popular trading?instrument?as it exchanges hands more than 2.6 million times each day. UCO will be a very volatile play, but for those looking to speculate on crude in a big way, it may just be your best option [see also?25 Ways To Invest In Crude Oil].

3x Long Silver (USLV)

Taking a much more?volatile?road than our other silver fund, AGQ, this ETF tracks future?contacts?and works to triple the results of these contracts. Investors who had the?foresight?to?play silver and invest in USLV have been greatly rewarded, with the highest YTD of any of our large asset leveraged commodities at 55%. Along with this great return, you also get the highest expense ratio at a whooping 1.65%, close to doubling the others listed. This fund is only a year old, and already it has almost $130 million in assets and a over a 1.1 million shares are traded each day. Investors looking to gamble on silver should look into this highly risky but?lucrative ETF.

This article was originally written by Carolyn Pairitz, and posted on CommodityHQ.

This entry is filed under Stock Analysis. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed.

Source: http://www.insidermonkey.com/blog/the-most-popular-leveraged-commodity-etfs-22651/

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শনিবার, ৬ অক্টোবর, ২০১২

Urban coyotes could be setting the stage for larger carnivores to move into cities

Urban coyotes could be setting the stage for larger carnivores to move into cities [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 5-Oct-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Stan Gehrt
Gehrt.1@osu.edu
614-292-1930
Ohio State University

COLUMBUS, Ohio About five miles from Chicago O'Hare International Airport, scientists have located the smallest known coyote territory ever observed. For at least six years, a coyote community has maintained its existence within about a third of a square mile.

"That's an indication that they don't have to go far to find food and water. They're finding everything they need right there, in the suburbs of Chicago," said Stan Gehrt, an associate professor of environment and natural resources at Ohio State University who has led the tracking of coyotes around Chicago for 12 years. "It amazes me."

Coyotes are the largest of the mammalian carnivores to have made their way to, and thrived in, urban settings, Gehrt said.

"The coyote is the test case for other animals. Raccoons, skunks, foxes they've already been able to penetrate the urban landscape pretty well. The coyote is the most recent and largest. The jury's out with what's going to happen with the bigger ones," he said.

The bigger ones include wolves, mountain lions and bears. Mountain lions have been seen on the fringes of cities already, and one was shot near the Wrigleyville neighborhood of Chicago.

"They are going to be an even bigger challenge," Gehrt said.

Since the tracking of urban coyotes began in 2000, Gehrt and his team have captured and placed radio collars on about 680 coyotes, with 50 or 60 being tracked at any one time. He estimates that about 2,000 coyotes live in the Chicago metro area, along with 9 million people in some 250 separate municipalities.

At times, this co-existence can cause uneasiness among humans. But by Gehrt's estimation, all species of urban dwellers are probably going to have to get used to it.

"It used to be rural areas where we would have this challenge of coexistence versus conflict with carnivores. In the future, and I would say currently, it's cities where we're going to have this intersection between people and carnivores," he said. "We used to think only little carnivores could live in cities, and even then we thought they couldn't really achieve large numbers. But we're finding that these animals are much more flexible than we gave them credit for and they're adjusting to our cities.

"That's going to put the burden back on us: Are we going to be able to adjust to them living with us or are we not going to be able to coexist?"

Gehrt described the research in a talk Friday (10/5) at EcoSummit 2012, an international conference held in Columbus.

The tricky part of any government-sponsored eradication program is the question of cost versus benefit. When the study began in 2000, several communities around Chicago trapped and killed coyotes found within their boundaries. Gehrt estimates that only 10 percent of communities have such programs in place now.

"I think those programs will go away, too. It costs money, and it upsets some residents who want coyotes living there. So there is conflict, cost and lack of effectiveness. We have great data in areas where removal was done. You pull them out, and literally within just a few weeks, new coyotes moved in and set up a new pack and began reproducing right away," he said.

Gehrt noted that the encroachment goes both ways. Humans have not been a predominantly urban species for all that long worldwide, though about 80 percent of U.S. residents live in cities. One reason humans flocked to cities was to get away from the risks associated with living near wild carnivores.

"The funny thing is that now we have more people on earth and bigger cities than ever, we also now have carnivores moving into cities. It's a two-way street: We're expanding cities into their territories and they're also coming in," said Gehrt, who also holds appointments with the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and Ohio State University Extension.

In comparing his findings about coyote survival in cities to research by another group on those living in rural areas, Gehrt has found that the urban coyote pup survival rate is five times higher than the rate for rural pups. In both environments, humans are the coyotes' primary predator.

"We are the only thing slowing their population down, either with our cars, which is the No. 1 cause of death for coyotes, or when we remove them through hunting or control programs," Gehrt said. "None of the diseases they're exposed to really impact them at all."

Coyotes are exposed to disease because they dine on rodents, rabbits and geese, providing a benefit by reducing human exposure to diseases carried by those species and removing animals otherwise considered a nuisance. They will also eat bugs and deer fawn, another potential benefit because human encounters with deer can be deadly, and will gorge on fruit if given the opportunity. They also eat the occasional cat or small dog.

Opportunity for food appears to abound in urban areas, which is why coyote communities can thrive in such small, contained spaces. Once they settle, resident coyotes don't move much. Transient animals, typically youngsters that have recently left their parents' pack, will try to find a vacancy in an existing territory or find a new area to start their own pack.

"They're so adaptable and so opportunistic," Gehrt said. "In adjusting to urban life, they may change dietary items and habitat use, and become nocturnal, whereas in the country they're active day and night. But with other things, they don't change at all. Here, they're able to maintain their social structure, territorialism, packs and mating system, even in the face of all these challenges of trying to live among 9 million people."

Gehrt recently published a paper describing how coyotes in Chicago have remained monogamous in the midst of adjusting to their new, urban way of life.

He is expanding his research to a few other sites, including Cleveland, Ohio, and in Nova Scotia, where coyotes show more aggressiveness toward humans.

However, under typical circumstances, Gehrt said coyotes are not prone to attack humans. For those people who see a coyote and do feel threatened, waving one's arms and yelling, or even throwing a rock in its direction, will very likely scare the animal away.

"You're doing them a favor. They show a healthy respect and fear of people and that's the way it should be."

###

Gehrt's study is funded by Cook County (Ill.) Animal & Rabies Control.

Contact: Stan Gehrt, (614) 292-1930; Gehrt.1@osu.edu

Written by Emily Caldwell, (614) 292-8310; Caldwell.151@osu.edu

Editor's note: Gehrt will present his research Friday (10/5) during a symposium titled "Carnivore conservation in human-dominated systems: Ecological, ethical and social dimensions," 9:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., Greater Columbus Convention Center Room C124


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Urban coyotes could be setting the stage for larger carnivores to move into cities [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 5-Oct-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Stan Gehrt
Gehrt.1@osu.edu
614-292-1930
Ohio State University

COLUMBUS, Ohio About five miles from Chicago O'Hare International Airport, scientists have located the smallest known coyote territory ever observed. For at least six years, a coyote community has maintained its existence within about a third of a square mile.

"That's an indication that they don't have to go far to find food and water. They're finding everything they need right there, in the suburbs of Chicago," said Stan Gehrt, an associate professor of environment and natural resources at Ohio State University who has led the tracking of coyotes around Chicago for 12 years. "It amazes me."

Coyotes are the largest of the mammalian carnivores to have made their way to, and thrived in, urban settings, Gehrt said.

"The coyote is the test case for other animals. Raccoons, skunks, foxes they've already been able to penetrate the urban landscape pretty well. The coyote is the most recent and largest. The jury's out with what's going to happen with the bigger ones," he said.

The bigger ones include wolves, mountain lions and bears. Mountain lions have been seen on the fringes of cities already, and one was shot near the Wrigleyville neighborhood of Chicago.

"They are going to be an even bigger challenge," Gehrt said.

Since the tracking of urban coyotes began in 2000, Gehrt and his team have captured and placed radio collars on about 680 coyotes, with 50 or 60 being tracked at any one time. He estimates that about 2,000 coyotes live in the Chicago metro area, along with 9 million people in some 250 separate municipalities.

At times, this co-existence can cause uneasiness among humans. But by Gehrt's estimation, all species of urban dwellers are probably going to have to get used to it.

"It used to be rural areas where we would have this challenge of coexistence versus conflict with carnivores. In the future, and I would say currently, it's cities where we're going to have this intersection between people and carnivores," he said. "We used to think only little carnivores could live in cities, and even then we thought they couldn't really achieve large numbers. But we're finding that these animals are much more flexible than we gave them credit for and they're adjusting to our cities.

"That's going to put the burden back on us: Are we going to be able to adjust to them living with us or are we not going to be able to coexist?"

Gehrt described the research in a talk Friday (10/5) at EcoSummit 2012, an international conference held in Columbus.

The tricky part of any government-sponsored eradication program is the question of cost versus benefit. When the study began in 2000, several communities around Chicago trapped and killed coyotes found within their boundaries. Gehrt estimates that only 10 percent of communities have such programs in place now.

"I think those programs will go away, too. It costs money, and it upsets some residents who want coyotes living there. So there is conflict, cost and lack of effectiveness. We have great data in areas where removal was done. You pull them out, and literally within just a few weeks, new coyotes moved in and set up a new pack and began reproducing right away," he said.

Gehrt noted that the encroachment goes both ways. Humans have not been a predominantly urban species for all that long worldwide, though about 80 percent of U.S. residents live in cities. One reason humans flocked to cities was to get away from the risks associated with living near wild carnivores.

"The funny thing is that now we have more people on earth and bigger cities than ever, we also now have carnivores moving into cities. It's a two-way street: We're expanding cities into their territories and they're also coming in," said Gehrt, who also holds appointments with the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and Ohio State University Extension.

In comparing his findings about coyote survival in cities to research by another group on those living in rural areas, Gehrt has found that the urban coyote pup survival rate is five times higher than the rate for rural pups. In both environments, humans are the coyotes' primary predator.

"We are the only thing slowing their population down, either with our cars, which is the No. 1 cause of death for coyotes, or when we remove them through hunting or control programs," Gehrt said. "None of the diseases they're exposed to really impact them at all."

Coyotes are exposed to disease because they dine on rodents, rabbits and geese, providing a benefit by reducing human exposure to diseases carried by those species and removing animals otherwise considered a nuisance. They will also eat bugs and deer fawn, another potential benefit because human encounters with deer can be deadly, and will gorge on fruit if given the opportunity. They also eat the occasional cat or small dog.

Opportunity for food appears to abound in urban areas, which is why coyote communities can thrive in such small, contained spaces. Once they settle, resident coyotes don't move much. Transient animals, typically youngsters that have recently left their parents' pack, will try to find a vacancy in an existing territory or find a new area to start their own pack.

"They're so adaptable and so opportunistic," Gehrt said. "In adjusting to urban life, they may change dietary items and habitat use, and become nocturnal, whereas in the country they're active day and night. But with other things, they don't change at all. Here, they're able to maintain their social structure, territorialism, packs and mating system, even in the face of all these challenges of trying to live among 9 million people."

Gehrt recently published a paper describing how coyotes in Chicago have remained monogamous in the midst of adjusting to their new, urban way of life.

He is expanding his research to a few other sites, including Cleveland, Ohio, and in Nova Scotia, where coyotes show more aggressiveness toward humans.

However, under typical circumstances, Gehrt said coyotes are not prone to attack humans. For those people who see a coyote and do feel threatened, waving one's arms and yelling, or even throwing a rock in its direction, will very likely scare the animal away.

"You're doing them a favor. They show a healthy respect and fear of people and that's the way it should be."

###

Gehrt's study is funded by Cook County (Ill.) Animal & Rabies Control.

Contact: Stan Gehrt, (614) 292-1930; Gehrt.1@osu.edu

Written by Emily Caldwell, (614) 292-8310; Caldwell.151@osu.edu

Editor's note: Gehrt will present his research Friday (10/5) during a symposium titled "Carnivore conservation in human-dominated systems: Ecological, ethical and social dimensions," 9:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., Greater Columbus Convention Center Room C124


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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-10/osu-ucc100112.php

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